Trigger finger, also known as stenosing tenosynovitis, is a condition that affects the tendons in the fingers or thumb. It is characterised by a snapping sensation or a “triggering” motion when bending or straightening the affected digit. This condition can cause pain, stiffness, and difficulty performing everyday tasks.
In this extensive guide, we’ll teach you everything you need to know about trigger finger, including how to understand the symptoms and how to treat this painful and debilitating condition.
Prevalence and Risk Factors
Trigger finger is a common condition, particularly among individuals who perform repetitive hand movements or grip activities. It is more prevalent in women and individuals with certain medical conditions such as diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis.
Early detection and treatment of trigger finger are crucial to prevent the condition from worsening. Ignoring symptoms or delaying treatment can lead to increased pain, stiffness, and a decreased range of motion in the affected finger.
Anatomy of the Hand and Finger
Overview of Hand Anatomy
The hand is a complex structure composed of bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles. It allows for a wide range of movements and is essential for performing daily tasks.
Detailed Anatomy of the Finger
Fingers consist of three phalanges (bones) and two interphalangeal joints. Tendons connect muscles to bones, allowing for finger movement. The flexor tendons in the fingers pass through a tunnel-like structure called the tendon sheath.
Function of Tendons and Sheaths in Finger Movement
Tendons are responsible for transmitting muscle contractions to the bones, enabling finger movement. The tendon sheaths act as protective tunnels that allow tendons to glide smoothly during movement.
Causes and Symptoms of Trigger Finger
Primary Causes
The exact cause of trigger finger is not always clear, but it is often associated with repetitive hand and finger movements that strain the tendons. Other factors such as hand and wrist injuries, arthritis, and certain medical conditions can also contribute to trigger finger.
Secondary Causes
Certain medical conditions such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout can increase the risk of developing trigger finger. These conditions can lead to inflammation and swelling of the tendons, making them more prone to triggering.
Common Symptoms and Their Progression
The primary symptom of trigger finger is the sensation of the finger getting stuck or catching when bent or straightened. This can be accompanied by pain, stiffness, and a clicking or popping sensation. In severe cases, the affected finger may become locked in a bent position.
Diagnosis of Trigger Finger
Physical Examination
Diagnosing trigger finger typically involves a physical examination of the hand and fingers. Your healthcare provider will assess your symptoms, examine the affected finger’s range of motion, and may perform specific tests to confirm the diagnosis.
Imaging Tests
In some cases, imaging tests such as X-rays or ultrasound may be ordered to rule out other conditions and assess the severity of the trigger finger.
Differential Diagnosis
Other conditions, such as arthritis or tendonitis, can cause similar symptoms to trigger finger. A differential diagnosis may be needed to differentiate between these conditions and determine the appropriate treatment.
Treatment Options for Trigger Finger
Treatment options for trigger finger include surgical and non-surgical options. Following are some non-surgical options:
Rest and Activity Modification
Resting the affected finger and avoiding activities that trigger symptoms can help reduce inflammation and pain. Modifying your daily activities to minimise repetitive hand movements can also be beneficial.
Splinting
Wearing a splint to immobilise the affected finger can help rest the tendon and reduce triggering. Splinting is typically used for mild to moderate cases of trigger finger.
Medications
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen can help reduce pain and inflammation associated with trigger finger. In some cases, corticosteroid injections may be recommended to reduce swelling and alleviate symptoms.
Physical Therapy
Physical therapy exercises can help improve the range of motion and strength of the affected finger. A physical therapist can design a customised exercise program to target specific areas of weakness or stiffness.
Now let’s take a look at some surgical options:
Trigger Finger Release Surgery
For severe cases of trigger finger that do not respond to conservative treatments, surgery may be recommended. Trigger finger release surgery involves making a small incision in the tendon sheath to widen the tunnel and allow the tendon to move more freely.
Recovery and Rehabilitation
After surgery, a period of rehabilitation may be necessary to regain strength and range of motion in the affected finger. Physical therapy exercises and gentle stretching can help improve flexibility and function.
Lifestyle and Home Remedies
Exercises and Stretches
Performing gentle stretching and strengthening exercises can help improve the flexibility and strength of the affected finger. These exercises can be done at home or under the guidance of a physical therapist.
Ergonomic Adjustments
Making ergonomic adjustments to your workspace or daily activities can help reduce strain on your fingers and hands. Using ergonomic tools and equipment designed to minimise repetitive movements can help prevent trigger finger from recurring.
Diet and Nutrition
Maintaining a healthy diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods such as fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids can help reduce inflammation and promote healing. Drinking plenty of water and staying hydrated can also help keep tendons and joints lubricated.
Complications and Prognosis
Potential Complications of Untreated Trigger Finger
If left untreated, trigger finger can lead to complications such as worsening pain, stiffness, and decreased range of motion in the affected finger. In severe cases, the finger may become permanently locked in a bent position, requiring more invasive treatments.
Long-Term Outlook with Proper Treatment
With proper treatment, the outlook for trigger finger is generally good. Most people experience significant improvement in symptoms with conservative treatments such as rest, splinting, and physical therapy. In cases where surgery is necessary, the success rate is high, and most people regain full function of the affected finger.
Prevention Strategies
Proper Hand and Finger Ergonomics
Practising good hand and finger ergonomics can help prevent trigger finger. This includes maintaining proper posture, using ergonomic tools and equipment, and taking regular breaks to rest your hands and fingers during repetitive tasks.
Regular Stretching and Strengthening Exercises
Incorporating regular stretching and strengthening exercises into your daily routine can help keep your fingers and hands flexible and strong. Focus on exercises that target the muscles and tendons in your hands and fingers to reduce the risk of developing trigger finger.
Early Treatment of Symptoms
If you experience symptoms of trigger finger, such as pain, stiffness, or clicking in your fingers, seek prompt medical attention. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent the condition from worsening and improve your overall prognosis.
Alternative and Complementary Therapies
Acupuncture
Acupuncture is a complementary therapy that involves inserting thin needles into specific points on the body to promote healing and relieve pain. Some people find acupuncture helpful in reducing pain and inflammation associated with trigger finger.
Herbal Remedies
Certain herbal remedies, such as arnica and turmeric, are believed to have anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce pain and swelling in the fingers. However, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare provider before using any herbal remedies to ensure they are safe and effective for you.
Massage Therapy
Massage therapy can help improve circulation and reduce tension in the muscles and tendons of the hand and fingers. A professional massage therapist can use specific techniques to target trigger points and promote relaxation and healing.
Final Thoughts
Trigger finger is a common condition that affects the tendons in the fingers or thumb, causing pain, stiffness, and difficulty moving the affected digit. It is essential to seek prompt medical attention if you experience symptoms of trigger finger to prevent the condition from worsening.
If you suspect you have trigger finger or are experiencing symptoms such as pain, stiffness, or clicking in your fingers, consult with a healthcare provider or a physiotherapist. They can provide a proper diagnosis and recommend appropriate treatment options based on your individual needs.
Early diagnosis and treatment of trigger finger are key to preventing complications and improving your overall prognosis. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for trigger finger, you can take proactive steps to manage the condition and improve your quality of life.
If you’re seeking expert guidance and support for trigger finger, consider consulting Melbourne Hand Therapy. With a team of highly skilled physiotherapists, we offer specialised care and tailored treatment plans to meet your specific needs.
Please call us today (03) 9899 8490 or leave an enquiry and we will get back to you as soon as possible.
